Nate Parker's debut feature, "The Birth of a Nation," owes a great deal of its storytelling, its brute force and its blood-boiling injustice to Mel Gibson's "Braveheart. That usage inspired the use in the novel The Clansman, upon which Birth of a Nation is based. S. Synopsis : Trente ans avant la guerre de Sécession, Nat Turner est un esclave cultivé et. Epoch Producing Company. Griffith co-wrote the screenplay with Frank E. As one of the best known (and most controversial) films made during the early years of cinema, The Birth of a Nation has a reputation as a very influential, and very problematic, feature. . A New York Times Book Review Editors' Choice. FILE - In this Sept. Walthall, Miriam Cooper. 8 million [2] The Birth of a Nation is a 2016 American period drama film written and directed by Nate Parker in his directorial debut. Summary: Nat Turner, a literate slave and preacher, whose financially strained owner, Samuel Turner, accepts an offer to use Nat's preaching to subdue unruly slaves. Chapman University's film school on Monday removed two posters of the film The Birth of a Nation following student protests. At earlier screenings in Los Angeles it was called The Clansman, after the Thomas Dixon Jr. Parker named his movie after 1915’s The Birth of a Nation. Griffith, was one of the. by Martin Luther King, Jr. Dixon was concernedThis is not Lee’s first cinematic depiction of the KKK. Uses Fact and Fiction. Quality of Clothing. The film Birth of a Nation portrayed the KKK as a heroic organization and led to a resurgence in membership. Courtesy. , "The Birth of a Nation" is a turgid two-part melodrama that spans the Civil War from the. W. Fox Searchlight. D. Griffith co-wrote the screenplay with Frank E. In the century since it ended, on 12 April 1917, it has. Reliant-Majestic Studios, 1915. W. History Dept. Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation provides an important opportunity to explore the film’s impact upon culture and politics in the United States. " Short expressed the hope that evidence from the study could be used in the NAACP's fight to have the film banned, but no indication that the study's findings were actually used by NAACP has been located. Griffith, Thomas Dixon's Birth of a Nation. English. I have been struggling with The Birth of a Nation for nearly a half-century, since I first saw it as a teenager. Griffith. Which is why the Confeder. A US Civil War (1861–65) drama, Birth of a Nation centres on two white families, the Camerons from the South and the Stonemans from the North. The Birth of a Nation is three hours of racist propaganda — starting with the Civil War and ending with the Ku Klux Klan riding in to save the South from black rule. As he witnesses countless atrocities, against himself and his fellow slaves, Nat orchestrates an uprising in. The Birth of a Nation —1915’s blockbuster hit and the most popular movie of its day—was released 100 years ago this month. But David Wark Griffith must have. W. W. Gray's The Confessions of Nat Turner (1831) and use it much as Steve McQueen used Solomon Northup's Twelve Years a Slave (1853) in his 2013 film, treating Gray's work as the urtext. It's an inflamed crowd-pleaser, more likely to inspire howls and cheers than thoughtful. Flora Cameron. How an Infamous Movie Revived the Confederacy. Cast: Henry Walthall (Henry B. In a still from The Birth of a Nation, two actors dressed in the full regalia of the Ku Klux Klan ride at night. determination method. Set against the antebellum South, THE BIRTH OF A NATION follows Nat Turner (Nate Parker), a literate slave and preacher, whose financially strained owner, Samuel Turner (Armie Hammer), accepts an offer to use Nat’s preaching to subdue slaves. David Wark (D. W. Ince, Directed by Reginald Barker) Released nine months after The Birth of a Nation premiered, this Civil War drama concerns the weak-willed son (Charles Ray) of a Southern officer (Frank Keenan), forced to enlist at gunpoint, and coming to terms with cowardice. Jump to. Griffith's epic film The Birth of a Nation (1915) became controversial because of its (A) portrayal of the Sons of Liberty as a radical mob (B) celebration of American freedoms at a time of protest against radical groups (C) celebration of America's cultural diversity (D) depiction of Ku Klux Klan activities as heroic and commendable (E. edu. " "[D]runk with wine and power," his maddening ambition for political dominion seethes over into theSome may not know that the title “Birth of a Nation” is a play on words. The user-friendly and stylish design makes it simple to locate your favorite TV series or movies. The rise of the second KKK was fueled in large part by the 1915 film "The Birth of a Nation," which was a fictional and highly racist depiction of Reconstruction that portrays the first KKK, which. A summary of Part X (Section3) in D. 99. Photo: Jahi Chikwendiu/Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation. W. Klansmen ride against the army of occupation in this scene from D. Walthall) [Colonel Ben Cameron], Miriam Cooper [Margaret Cameron], Mae Marsh [Flora Cameron], Spottiswoode Aiken. Getty. Bradycardia is a heart rate less than 100 bpm. across the nation, Birth's power derived precisely from its supposed historical vigour. October 7, 2016 8:00am. Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation to theaters when the film was released in 1915. The Birth of a Nation is a 1915 silent drama movie. They have a diverse network of contacts and new options. Sept. Griffith fought hard on behalf of his film. In its portrayal of the Civil War, the film presents a shining view of the Confederacy. This file is in MP4 format and has been verified to be working correctly. , in 1914. W. . THE BIRTH OF A NATION. Griffith. SILENT SUNDAY NIGHTS. With the official opening of the film under the title The Clansman. S. "It" located the birth of the nation not in political events but in the movie. By Vinson Cunningham. Addeddate 2014-09-26 09:39:32 Identifier TheBirthOfANation19151080p Scanner Internet Archive HTML5 Uploader 1. W. The Birth of a Nation, from 1915, is one of the most controversial films ever made. A list of all the characters in Birth of a Nation. Tom Brook reports. 3 billion in today’s dollars), as Europe was at war with itself. Restored with funding from The Lillian Gish Trust for Film Preservation and the Celeste Bartos Film Preservation Fund. $16. Griffith’s controversial Civil War epic The Birth of a Nation opens in New York City on March 3, 1915, a few weeks after its West Coast premiere in Los Angeles. Griffith Production: Epoch Producing Corporation; black and white, 35mm, silent; length: 13,058 feet, later cut to 12,000 feet. The Birth of a Nation is as much the story of the Cameron and Stoneman families as it is about the Civil War, Reconstruction, or the KKK. The message was clear: Mammy would rather fight. Walthall, Miriam Cooper. When the film was released in. D. The members of the Klan "ran to the rescue of the downtrodden South after the Civil War," he wrote in his autobiography. It is the epic story of two families, one northern and one southern, during and after the Civil War. The first powerful search engine to provide a movie streaming website is Alluc. Two brothers, Phil and Ted Stoneman, visit their friends in Piedmont, South Carolina: the family Cameron. This summer, when it became headline news that Parker, as a college student at Penn State in 1999, had been brought up on rape charges (at trial, he was found not guilty), the storm of controversy. Blu-ray reviews, news, specs, ratings, screenshots. W. At the time Griffith made Birth of A Nation, there was a huge surge in Lost Cause beliefs and activity. 09. the birth of a nation (origi. Kendi and Jason Reynolds' STAMPED: Racism, Antiracism, and You. 33. [Figure I about here. A large, rotund housekeeper, Mammy moans loudly and makes broad gestures. 18 it became the first feature film to be screened at the White House. The Birth of a Nation Official Trailer #1 (2016) - Nate Parker Movie HDSubscribe to TRAILERS: Subscribe to COMING SOON: against the antebellum South, THE BIRTH OF A NATION follows Nat Turner, a literate slave and preacher, whose financially strained owner, Samuel Turner, accepts an offer to use Nat's preaching to subdue unruly slaves. Griffith's "Birth of a Nation" filmed in Hollywood, Calif. The Birth of a Nation features a number of developing personal relationships—Ben and Elsie, Phil and Margaret, Stoneman and Lydia—as well as relationships that are pursued but never consummated in any way—Lynch and Elsie, Gus and Flora. This historical drama recounts a real-life slave revolt that occurred in 1831 Virginia, led by a black preacher named. Episodes: 2. Nate Parker‘s historical epic is poised to run the Oscar table come fall. Produced for $100,000, The Birth of a Nation was “the seminal blockbuster of the silent-film period and was the most widely seen of all motion pictures until it was eclipsed by another Civil War epic, Gone with the Wind, in 1939. The film separates the relationships into two distinct kinds: those borne from a divine plan and those. W. Griffith’s blatantly racist film The Birth of a Nation debuted in Los Angeles, California. Parker starts by creating mythology around Turner. Griffith’s The Birth of Nation (then under its original title, The Clansman) premiered at Clunes Auditorium in Los Angeles, with a full symphony orchestra playing live. Set against the antebellum South, THE BIRTH OF A NATION follows the story of Nat Turner, a literate slave and preacher (Nate Parker), who leads a fierce rebellion against slavery. Mayer, then the owner of. ’s novel, The Clansman. That it is a mirror of its time is, sadly, one of its values. Nate Parker Offered No Apologies for Rape Accusations on '60 Minutes'. W. The rise of Donald Trump and the more blatant expression of racist attitudes that his candidacy has emboldened; the outcry over police brutality and the formation of Black Lives Matter; the battles over hate speech, “safe spaces” and historical curriculum on campus. The film, Birth of a Nation, is based on the 1905 novel by Thomas Dixon, Jr. W. In the background, slaves work contentedly, with no. The Stoneman family finds its friendship with the Camerons affected by the Civil War, both fighting in opposite armies. Griffith based his film on “The Clansman,” a book by Thomas Dixon. $20. Alluc. The Birth of a Nation is a film directed by D. The movie has moved up the charts by 4212 places since yesterday. This friendship is affected by the Civil War, as th. Listes. W. It was the most efficient way to charge higher ticket prices to larger groups simultaneously. W. . Nine months after the Nat. This film (and novel), though highly controversial. Aaron McGruder, Reginald Hudlin, Kyle Baker (Illustrator) 3. . A 40-piece. Elsie is pure and delicate, portrayed as an angel in a daguerreotype image, or in a lily-white nightgown wearing a headpiece of flowers. As Griffith summed the matter up, the film was simply 'a photoplay reproduction of what actually happened and what is down in black and white in the pages of American history'. As Griffith summed the matter up, the film was simply 'a photoplay reproduction of what actually happened and what is down in black and white in the pages of American history'. Set against the antebellum South, THE BIRTH OF A NATION follows Nat Turner (Nate Parker), a literate slave and preacher, whose financially strained owner, Samuel Turner (Armie Hammer), accepts an offer to use Nat’s preaching to subdue unruly slaves. Last November he published Birth of a Nation: How a Legendary Filmmaker and a Crusading Editor Reignited America’s Civil War. The Birth of a Nation, D. 25 The Birth of a Nation, of course, was a far cry from 'what actuallyEmma Hungaski is an opinion contributor for The Daily Campus. Griffith’s celebrated, villified, deeply troubling Civil War masterpiece cannot be overstated. 's 1905 novel and play The Clansman. Rosalynn Carter, the wife of former President Jimmy Carter and a longtime mental health advocate and humanitarian, died on Sunday in her. Griffith’s film is an epic demonstration of the developing “language” of cinema, so assured and complete that in some ways films have changed very little in the ninety years since The Birth of a Nation ’s. The three-hour silent film The Birth of a Nation did “incalculable harm” to Black Americans by creating a justification for prejudice, racism, and discrimination for decades to follow. Everyone who cares about film must eventually come to The Birth of a Nation. Not only was he one of the first black men to attend Harvard. In 1915, D. The movie is about two families during the American Civil War and the Reconstruction era. When Confederate colonel Ben Cameron is captured in battle, nurse Elsie Stoneman petitions for his pardon. By David Edelstein. When we teach the history of Reconstruction, The Birth of a Nation is often required viewing, precisely because it is one of the cultural products that helped. Griffith, Thomas Dixon's Birth of a Nation. Dimensions : 9. The Great Gatsby C. 78. In fact, Wilson almost certainly never said it. A new documentary, “Birth of a Movement” by PBS’s Independent Lens, takes a look at the indomitable William Monroe Trotter, who led the fight to censure D. But the premiere at New York’s Liberty. “ McFarland USA ,” opening this weekend, is a sports movie, but director. Walthall, Miriam Cooper. The racist movie, directed by D. PopPolitics: What ‘McFarland USA’ Says About Immigration; ‘Birth of a Nation’ at 100 (Listen) By Ted Johnson. Elsie is an idealized, sentimental figure who symbolizes the purity and beauty that soldiers and. By one account, Birth of a Nation amassed a global box office of $50 million in 1915 ($1. Although politically repugnant, Griffith. Her innocence stands in strong contrast to the sexuality of the lustful blacks and mulattos of the film. The Birth of a Nation, landmark silent film starring Lillian Gish, released in 1915, that was the first blockbuster Hollywood hit. Griffith’s disgustingly racist yet titanically original 1915 feature—back. It’s just as shocking now as it was then. Mammy was so loyal to her white family that she was often willing to risk her life to defend them. The Birth of a Nation. Based on astounding events in American history, The Birth of a Nation is the epic story. William Joseph Simmons is considered to be the founder of the 1915 modern Ku Klux Klan. Scott began production of “Birth of a Race. Griffith, was one of the. 16 about the film “The Birth of a Nation” misstated a plot point of the WGN show “Under-ground. The Birth of a Nation is three hours of racist propaganda — starting with the Civil War and ending with the Ku Klux Klan riding in to save the South from black rule during the Reconstruction era. The Birth of a Nation as American Myth . In regards to the racist legacy of the 1915…. David Cairns 17 Feb 2016. Courtesy. However, the second subtitle in the silent film, and the first to deal specifically with the plot, provides a clear understanding of where Dixon (and obviously also Griffith) placed the blame not only for. The Birth of a Nation, landmark silent film starring Lillian Gish, released in 1915, that was the first blockbuster Hollywood hit. The Birth of a Nation Seguir El nacimiento de una nación (2016-10-07T14:00:00+00:00) The Birth of a Nation. Duration: 27 min. As a nation, the Philippines’ history (Maguidad and Muhi 2001) is quite unique in Asia, since it was born from European conquest. 8, and on Feb. Woods Title (Originaltitel): The Birth of a Nation Language (Sprache): English Two families, abolitionist Northerners the Stonemans and Southern landowners the. W. The Birth of a Nation, which opened in March 1915, was simultaneously a landmark in the history of American cinema and a landmark in American racism. His vanity makes him easily susceptible to temptation, so he. The Stoneman family finds its friendship with the Camerons affected by the Civil War, both fighting in opposite armies. W. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish. The Fiery Cross of the Ku Klux Klan! Two families, abolitionist Northerners the Stonemans and Southern landowners the Camerons, intertwine. The Birth of a Nation was a story that affirmed white people’s ideas about their own racial superiority and what they believed was the proper racial hierarchy. The domestic melodrama/epic originally premiered with the title The Clansman in February, 1915 in Los Angeles, California, but three months later was retitled with the present title at its. ET. 99 1 New from $20. W. And when those economics change, so does the definition of film length and exhibition. And the kind that, frankly, I’m. Artistically it innovated new techniques and that's a fact. Along the way the authors lay into a host of hot social and cultural issues skewering white supremacists, black nationalists, and everyone in between drawing real blood and real laughs in equal. Artistically, technically, and culturally, the importance of D. Griffith’s white supremacist. USA, 1915. In one scene, a room filled with empty. Synopsis: The most successful and artistically advanced film of its time, The Birth of a Nation has also sparked protests, riots, and divisiveness since its first release. With Lillian Gish, Mae Marsh, Henry B. . A list of important facts about D. It's quick and simple to utilize the website. W. W. A hundred years ago, American film's most infamous film was birthed. The Birth of a Nation is 44514 on the JustWatch Daily Streaming Charts today. While recovering from a car accident, the local preacher in Georgia followed the Birth of a Nation’s. The 'Birth of a Nation' director says he doesn't feel guilty for what happened at. Nate Parker’s Nat Turner biopic The Birth of a Nation takes a fascinatingly complicated history and simplifies it into. ★ The Most MOVING Movies are HERE of a Nation starts with a scenario drawn from the botched election of 2000 and spins it into a brilliantly absurd work of sharply pointed satire. ”The director and star behind the slave revolt drama has told Fox Searchlight that after spending seven years. Released in 1915, it was a milestone of early cinema that helped. It’s just as shocking now as it was then. Griffith’s “The Birth of a Nation,” one of the most effective pieces of propaganda racism ever. THE BIRTH OF A NATIONThe Birth of a Nation, directed by D. Sept. Director: D. Turner was raised on a Virginia plantation and, being exceptionally bright, he learned to read at a young age, mostly religious texts. Characters include: Colonel Ben Cameron, Elsie Stoneman, The Honorable Austin Stoneman , Silas Lynch, Flora Cameron and more. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation (1915). Our review: Parents say ( 2 ): Kids say ( 7 ): D. Nat Turner, previamente un esclavo en América, lidera un movimiento de liberación en 1831 para liberar Afro-americanos en Virginia que resulta en una violenta reacción de los blancos. The film depicted the South, following the assassination of President Lincoln, as ruled by rapacious African Americans, who by the. The first standing ovation came before the. The Birth of a Nation, from 1915, is one of the most controversial films ever made. The screenplay is adapted from Thomas Dixon Jr. Griffith with Lillian Gish, Mae Marsh, Henry B. 2 hr 0 mins. Griffith. S. R. With The Birth of a Nation's awards season chances diminished significantly over the past two months, the film would need a miracle to reach. The Birth of a Nation is 15899 on the JustWatch Daily Streaming Charts today. Dixon and President Woodrow Wilson were longtime friends, and he persuaded Wilson to screen the film, retitled “The Birth of a Nation,” at the White. With Lillian Gish, Mae Marsh, Henry B. Triangle. Year: 1915. Griffith 's The Birth of a Nation is as much a part of film history as the Civil War is a part of American history. Minnesota now lets some moms stay out of prison and at home. ” Enlarge this image. “The Birth of a Nation” had premiered in Los Angeles on Feb. The first part depicts the nation before, during, and after The American Civil War, from the perspective of two juxtaposed families. Surely adults can see that something despicable can still be historically relevant. It also advanced the medium in more. Instead of holding onto her momentary depression when she gives away her last good clothes, she smoothes down what. Griffith. When D. The film makes a constant and committed effort to offer itself up as factual history as well as dramatic enactment and epic entertainment. " "I love the comparison. Birth of a Movement: How William M. Respiratory rates of 30 breaths per minute are considered worrisome in the newborn. Nat Turner, a literate slave and preacher in the antebellum South, orchestrates an uprising. The 1915 silent-film The Birth of a Nation is one of the most popular and controversial films ever made. Campus Culture Racist. . It was directed by D. Executives in Hollywood even thought about remaking it in 1950 and releasing the film on television as late as 1959. ) Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation ( 1915 ) is perhaps the most influential film in the history of American cinema. Griffith's The Birth of a Nation , the normally com-posed and gentlemanly mulatto Lieutenant Governor Silas Lynch can no longer contain himself. . Griffith. USA. The Stoneman family finds its friendship with the Camerons affected by the Civil War, both fighting in opposite armies. Griffith and starring Lillian Gish. It also follows the love between the. W. “The Birth of a Nation” had premiered in Los Angeles on Feb. Original title: The Birth of a Nation. The development of the war in their l. On the civil rights front, the Wilson administration pursued regressive policies, working with Southern Democrats to. Instead of holding onto her momentary depression when she gives away her last good clothes, she smoothes down what clothing. When Confederate colonel Ben Cameron is captured in battle, nurse Elsie Stoneman petitions for his pardon. This 1915 silent film was adapted from the novel The Clansman, which dramatized. Birth of a Nation,” Nate Parker and Jean Celestin’s portrait of Nat Turner and the slave rebellion he led, emerged from the Sundance Film Festival with a record sale price and plenty of. X-Ray HDR UHD R. Most Black Americans would be shocked to learn that it was Jewish investors who financed the production of what the SPLC argues was the most racist movie ever made–a movie that glorifies anti-Black violence and deifies the Ku Klux Klan. W. Nate Parker’s Nat Turner biopic The Birth of a Nation takes a fascinatingly complicated history and simplifies it into the story of one man’s heroic journey. The new film, The Birth of a Nation (2016) by Nate Parker, and the portrayal of the Nat Turner rebellion seems to be the latest in a long line of films endeavoring to correct the legacy of racist black American portrayals in Hollywood films that originated from the 1915 film of the same name. ’s novel and play The Clansman. Histoire vraie, tirée de faits réels. Several of the novel's events, including the assassination of President Abraham Lincoln and the. 19 x 6. The Birth of a Nation, directed by DW Griffith back in 1915, has a reputation as one of. Récentes. The Birth of a Nation (Korean Drama); 국가의 탄생; The story of a family that founded a new nation. -- Julian Bond, chairman NAACP "Birth of a Nation is a brilliant, biting and witty commentary on the chaos of the 2000 election. Griffith's "Battle of the Sexes" (1928) D. She can be reached via email at emma. Even if they didn’t join the Klan themselves, many Americans saw no issue with the sentiments on display in movies like The Birth of a Nation . The Stoneman family finds its friendship with the Camerons affected by the Civil War, both fighting in opposite armies. Griffith’s film "Birth of a Nation" premiered in 1915, audiences divided over its racial content. Watchlist. One story in the book that stands out is his description of seeing the movie“The Birth of a Nation,” based on Thomas Dixon Jr. Character List. W. $8. D W Griffith’s The Birth of a Nation – which premiered in New York 100 years ago this week – has a just reputation as one of cinema’s greatest problem pictures. In Judaism, he is the founding father of the special relationship between the Jews and God; in Christianity, he is the spiritual progenitor of all believers, whether Jewish or non-Jewish; and in Islam, he is a link in the chain of. Nearly 100 years after its initial release, THE BIRTH OF A NATION remains one of the most controversial films ever made and a landmark achievement in film history that continues to fascinate and enrage audiences. With the release of The Birth of a Nation and its pro-Ku Klux Klan message, thousands of Americans found new uses for their old bed. W. D. “The Birth of a Nation” tells the story of the slave rebellion led by Nat Turner in Virginia in 1831. Abraham (originally Abram) was the common Hebrew patriarch of the Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Before the war, during a visit of the Stonemans to the Camerons, Ben Cameron falls in love with Elsie Stoneman, and Phil Stoneman with Margaret Cameron. To reach The Birth of a Nation, I needed to steer our discussion, as naturally as possible, to the section on the Ku Klux Klan. Drama. titled The Clansman. Written by Parker and Jean Celestin, his college roommate, “Birth of a Nation” takes too many creative liberties with Nat Turner’s history. And when I say met, I really mean it. W. Birth of a Nation, based on Thomas Dixon’s novel The Clansman, tells the turbulent story of American history in the 1860s, as it followed the fictional lives of two. Significantly, the distributors are adamant that "NEGROES MUST NOT BE ADMITTED . Griffith and starring Lillian Gish. E. The Birth of a Nation (English) retrieved. The domestic melodrama/epic originally premiered with the title The Clansman in February, 1915 in Los Angeles, California, but three months later was retitled with the present title at its. W. Filmmaker Nate Parker made history on Tuesday by setting a new record for the biggest Sundance deal of all time: his film The Birth of a Nation was acquired by Fox. An analysis of the classic film Birth of a NationBirth tourism usually involves a woman trying to deliver a baby in a more prosperous county than her home nation, but an Australian “influencer” has turned that. A list of all the characters in Birth of a Nation. W. 69 Metascore. The Birth of a Nation. David Wark Griffith, son of Jacob Wark Griffith, was born on January 22, 1875, in Floydsfork, later Crestwood, Ky. The birth of a nation is a period drama movie directed by Nate Parker and stars Nate Parker, Armie Hammer, Colman Domingo, Aja Naomi King, Penelope Ann Miller, Jackie Earle Haley and Mark Boone Junior in the leads. 1915. m. The Birth of a Nation was written, directed, and produced by D. Griffith, Thomas Dixon's Birth of a Nation. 8. January 27, 2016 11:48 AM EST. Griffith, released a film that would go down as one of the most disturbing representations of black Americans ever, The Birth of a Nation. Louis's secession from the Union in the face. Addeddate 2014-09-26 09:39:32 The Birth of a Nation is part of the story of man's inhumanity to man and it better not be forgotten. The three-hour long silent film was the first movie screened inside the White House, to the delight of director D. A summary of Part X (Section1) in D. 6,513. W. With Nate Parker, Armie Hammer, Penelope Ann Miller, Jackie Earle Haley. . across the nation, Birth's power derived precisely from its supposed historical vigour. And Louis B. The Birth of a Nation. Oct 4, 2016 2:00 am. The original “Birth of a Nation” was directed by D. 100 years ago, Birth of a Nation reimagined the Civil War and created the modern and enduring cult of the noble Lost Cause.